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Lung Cancer (Non-Small Cell, Small Cell)

Lung cancer originates in the lungs and is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. It is divided into two main types:

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): ~85% of cases; includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC): ~15% of cases; more aggressive and fast-spreading.

Lymphoma (Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin)

Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, part of the immune system. It begins in lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. There are two main types:

Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL): Characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): A diverse group that includes B-cell and T-cell lymphomas
HL tends to be more predictable and curable, while NHL varies widely in behavior.

Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer

Endometrial cancer, also called uterine cancer, originates in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). It is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed countries and is often diagnosed early due to noticeable symptoms like postmenopausal bleeding. The two main types are:
• Type I (Endometrioid): estrogen-dependent, better prognosis
• Type II (Non-endometrioid): includes serous, clear cell; more aggressive

Leukemia (ALL, AML, CLL, CML)

Leukemia is a group of blood cancers that originate in the bone marrow and involve the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. It is classified by speed of progression (acute vs chronic) and cell type (lymphoid vs myeloid):

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Rapid progression, common in children
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Rapid progression, more common in adults
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Slow-growing, affects older adults
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Slow-progressing, characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome

Gallbladder Cancer

Gallbladder cancer is a rare but aggressive malignancy that arises in the gallbladder, a small organ under the liver that stores bile. It is often diagnosed late due to non-specific symptoms.

Vulvar Cancer

Vulvar cancer is a rare cancer that affects the external female genitalia, including the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and perineum. It primarily affects older women, though HPV-related cases are rising among younger women.

The most common types include:
• Squamous cell carcinoma (90% of cases)
• Melanoma (second most common)
• Basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sarcomas (rare)

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Eyelid

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the eyelid is the second most common eyelid malignancy after basal cell carcinoma. It originates from the squamous epithelial cells and is more aggressive, with a higher potential for local invasion and metastasis.

Synovial Sarcoma

Synovial sarcoma is a rare and aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that most commonly arises near joints, tendons, or bursae, especially in the arms and legs. Despite the name, it does not originate from synovial cells. It affects young adults and adolescents, with a distinct chromosomal translocation

Small Intestine Cancer

Small intestine cancer is a rare malignancy that arises in the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum, parts of the small bowel. It includes several subtypes:
• Adenocarcinoma (most common)
• Carcinoid tumors (neuroendocrine tumors)
• Lymphoma
• Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)