概述
Penile cancer begins in the skin or tissues of the penis, most often on the glans or foreskin. Though rare, it can be aggressive if not caught early. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma.
症状
- Growth, ulcer, or lump on the penis
- Redness, rash, or irritation
- Foul-smelling discharge
- Bleeding or pain
- Swelling in the groin (enlarged lymph nodes)
病因与风险因素
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- Poor genital hygiene
- Uncircumcised status
- Smoking
- Age >50
- Phimosis (inability to retract foreskin)
诊断方法
- Physical and genital examination
- Biopsy of the lesion
- Imaging (CT, MRI, or PET) for staging
- Inguinal lymph node assessment
治疗方案
- Topical chemotherapy or laser ablation (for superficial lesions)
- Surgical excision (circumcision, partial or total penectomy)
- Lymph node dissection
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy (for advanced/metastatic disease)
预后情况
- Highly curable when detected early
- 5-year survival rate:
- Localized: ~85%
- Regional: ~60%
- Distant: ~12%
与此类癌症共处
- Body image and sexual function support
- Psychological counseling
- Postoperative rehabilitation
- Regular urologic follow-up
预防与筛查
- HPV vaccination
- Good genital hygiene
- Early treatment of phimosis
- Avoid tobacco use
FAQs
Q: Is penile cancer common?
A: No, it’s rare but serious if not diagnosed early.
Q: Can it affect sexual function?
A: Yes, depending on treatment. Support and counseling are essential.
Q: Can it be prevented?
A: HPV vaccination and circumcision may reduce risk.
相关资源
- Urology Care Foundation
- American Cancer Society
- ClinicalTrials.gov
