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Cancer Types A-Z

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including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

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You are viewing cancers under the category:

Brain & Nervous System

ZFTA Fusion–Associated Tumors

ZFTA fusion–associated tumors are rare primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms characterized by gene fusions involving the ZFTA (formerly C11orf95) gene. These fusions most commonly occur with RELA or other partner genes and are often found in supratentorial ependymomas, particularly in children and young adults. The ZFTA fusion drives abnormal gene expression, promoting tumor development. These tumors can vary in aggressiveness but are generally considered high-grade (Grade III or IV).

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Ependymoma

Ependymoma is a rare type of glioma that arises from ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. It can occur at any age but is more common in children (intracranial) and in adults (spinal). Ependymomas can be benign or malignant depending on the grade and subtype.

WHO classification includes:

Grade I: Subependymoma, Myxopapillary ependymoma
Grade II: Classic ependymoma
Grade III: Anaplastic ependymoma

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Astrocytoma

Astrocytoma is a type of brain tumor that originates from astrocytes, the star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord that support and nourish neurons. Astrocytomas are part of a broader category known as gliomas and are classified based on their grade (I to IV), which reflects how fast the tumor grows and how likely it is to spread.

Grade I (Pilocytic Astrocytoma): Typically benign and slow-growing, often seen in children.
Grade II (Diffuse Astrocytoma): Infiltrative, slow-growing but may progress.
Grade III (Anaplastic Astrocytoma): Malignant, faster-growing.
Grade IV (Glioblastoma): Most aggressive form.

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