概述
Endometrial cancer, also called uterine cancer, originates in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). It is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed countries and is often diagnosed early due to noticeable symptoms like postmenopausal bleeding. The two main types are:
- Type I (Endometrioid): estrogen-dependent, better prognosis
- Type II (Non-endometrioid): includes serous, clear cell; more aggressive
症状
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding (especially after menopause)
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Pain during intercourse
- Unusual vaginal discharge
病因与风险因素
- Unopposed estrogen exposure (e.g., obesity, hormone therapy)
- Age >50
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Never having been pregnant
- Family history or Lynch syndrome
诊断方法
- Transvaginal ultrasound
- Endometrial biopsy (or dilation and curettage)
- Hysteroscopy
- Imaging (MRI or CT) for staging if needed
治疗方案
- Surgery: hysterectomy with or without lymph node removal
- Radiation therapy
- Hormonal therapy (progestins for low-grade tumors)
- Chemotherapy (for advanced/recurrent disease)
- Targeted therapy or immunotherapy (in selected cases)
预后情况
- Excellent when detected early
- 5-year survival rate:
- Localized: ~95%
- Regional: ~69%
- Distant: ~18%
与此类癌症共处
- Managing hormonal changes post-surgery
- Sexual health and emotional well-being
- Regular surveillance for recurrence
- Genetic counseling (especially with Lynch syndrome)
预防与筛查
- Maintain healthy weight and control estrogen exposure
- Oral contraceptive use may reduce risk
- Screening for high-risk women with Lynch syndrome
FAQs
Q: Is this the same as uterine cancer?
A: Yes. Most uterine cancers start in the endometrium.
Q: Can it be detected early?
A: Yes, due to early symptoms like postmenopausal bleeding.
Q: Is hysterectomy always required?
A: For most, yes. In early-stage or fertility-preserving cases, hormonal therapy may be used.
相关资源
- Foundation for Women’s Cancer
- American Cancer Society
- ClinicalTrials.gov
