Gastrointestinal Tract

Stomach (Gastric) Cancer

Stomach cancer, also called gastric cancer, begins in the lining of the stomach. It is more common in East Asia, Eastern Europe, and parts of South America. Most are adenocarcinomas, and it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.
Subtypes include:
• Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (more common, slower growing)
• Diffuse-type adenocarcinoma (more aggressive)

Small Intestine Cancer

Small intestine cancer is a rare malignancy that arises in the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum, parts of the small bowel. It includes several subtypes:
• Adenocarcinoma (most common)
• Carcinoid tumors (neuroendocrine tumors)
• Lymphoma
• Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)

Pancreatic Cancer (Adenocarcinoma)

Pancreatic cancer most commonly begins in the ductal cells of the pancreas, referred to as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It is one of the most aggressive cancers and often diagnosed at an advanced stage.

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Cholangiocarcinoma)

Liver cancer is a type of malignancy that begins in the cells of the liver. The two main primary liver cancers are:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) – the most common type, usually arises in the setting of chronic liver disease
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – develops in the bile ducts within the liver

Gallbladder Cancer

Gallbladder cancer is a rare but aggressive malignancy that arises in the gallbladder, a small organ under the liver that stores bile. It is often diagnosed late due to non-specific symptoms.

Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer begins in the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. It is an aggressive cancer, often diagnosed at a late stage. There are two major types:
• Adenocarcinoma: typically starts in the lower esophagus; associated with Barrett’s esophagus and GERD
• Squamous cell carcinoma: usually found in the upper or middle esophagus; linked to smoking and alcohol use

Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer develops in the colon or rectum, parts of the large intestine. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is largely preventable with regular screening. Most cases begin as precancerous polyps that gradually become malignant.

Main types:
• Adenocarcinoma (most common)
• Rare types: carcinoid tumors, lymphomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)

Appendix Cancer (including Carcinoid Tumors)

Appendix cancer is a rare form of gastrointestinal cancer that begins in the appendix, a small pouch attached to the colon. It includes a variety of tumor types, ranging from slow-growing carcinoid tumors to aggressive adenocarcinomas.

Types include:
• Carcinoid tumors (neuroendocrine tumors)
• Appendiceal adenocarcinoma
• Mucinous neoplasms (can lead to pseudomyxoma peritonei)
• Signet ring cell carcinoma (rare and aggressive)

Anal Cancer

Anal cancer originates in the anus, the opening at the end of the digestive tract. It is relatively rare but increasing in incidence, especially in individuals with HPV infection. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma.

Cancer Types A-Z

Stomach (Gastric) Cancer

Small Intestine Cancer

Pancreatic Cancer (Adenocarcinoma)

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Cholangiocarcinoma)

Gallbladder Cancer

Esophageal Cancer

Colorectal Cancer

Appendix Cancer (including Carcinoid Tumors)

Anal Cancer

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