Wilms Tumor, also known as Nephroblastoma, is the most common kidney cancer in children, typically diagnosed between ages 2 and 5.
It arises from embryonic renal precursor cells (metanephric blastema) that fail to mature properly during kidney development.
Wilms Tumor is often unilateral, but in 5–10% of cases it affects both kidneys (bilateral or multifocal).
Genetic mutations involving WT1, WT2, or related chromosomal regions (11p13, 11p15) play a key role.
It is a highly treatable and curable pediatric cancer with modern multimodal therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, ± radiation).
