Cancer Types A-Z

Explore comprehensive information about different types of cancer,
including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

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Eye and Orbit

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Eyelid

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the eyelid is the second most common eyelid malignancy after basal cell carcinoma. It originates from the squamous epithelial cells and is more aggressive, with a higher potential for local invasion and metastasis.

Secondary Eye Metastases

Secondary eye metastases are cancers that spread to the eye from other primary sites, most commonly the breast, lung, prostate, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. These are the most frequent intraocular malignancies in adults, typically affecting the choroid.

Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Eyelid

Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid is a rare and aggressive skin cancer that originates in the sebaceous glands of the eyelid, most commonly in the meibomian glands. It often mimics benign conditions like chalazion or blepharitis, making early diagnosis challenging.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (Orbital Subtype)

Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare but aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that affects the orbit (eye socket), primarily in children under 10 years old. It arises from immature skeletal muscle cells and is the most common primary orbital malignancy in children.

Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is a rare eye cancer that develops from the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It primarily affects young children, typically under the age of five, and can occur in one or both eyes.
It is often caused by a mutation in the RB1 gene, which may be inherited (hereditary) or occur spontaneously (non-hereditary). Early detection is crucial for preserving vision and life.

Orbital Lymphoma

Orbital lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in the tissues surrounding the eye, including the eyelids, lacrimal gland, and orbit. The most common subtype is extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MALT type).

Medulloepithelioma (Intraocular, Rare)

Medulloepithelioma is a very rare, embryonal intraocular tumor that arises from the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium of the eye. It primarily affects young children, typically under the age of 10. It can be benign or malignant and may lead to vision loss or eye removal if not diagnosed early.

Intraocular Melanoma (Uveal Melanoma)

Intraocular melanoma is the most common primary eye cancer in adults, originating from melanocytes in the uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, or choroid). It is distinct from skin melanoma but shares similar cellular origins.

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare cancer arising from the epithelial cells of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and inner eyelids. It is the most common malignant tumor of the ocular surface.

Conjunctival Melanoma

Conjunctival melanoma is a rare and potentially aggressive cancer that arises from melanocytes in the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane covering the eye and inner eyelids. It can arise de novo or from a pre-existing nevus or primary acquired melanosis (PAM).

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