癌症诊断检测
探索当今可用于癌症诊断的全面检测方式，包括传统影像检查以及前沿分子与基因检测技术。
了解癌症诊断检测
及早且准确的诊断对于癌症治疗至关重要。如今，癌症诊断方式已十分多样化，从传统影像检查与活检，到先进的分子检测与基因检测，均在临床中发挥重要作用。
在 Cancer A-Z，我们相信精准医疗的价值。通过结合传统诊断方法与先进基因检测，可以更全面地了解癌症特征，从而帮助制定更加个性化的治疗决策。
早期发现
许多检测旨在帮助癌症于最早、最容易干预的阶段被发现。
精准医疗
先进基因检测能够识别特定基因突变与生物标志物，为治疗决策提供参考。
治疗监测
部分检测可用于观察治疗效果，并帮助尽早发现复发迹象。
为什么综合检测如此重要
没有任何一种单独检测能够提供所有治疗决策所需的信息。通过结合不同类型的检测，医生能够更全面地了解癌症情况。
- 传统检测可帮助确认肿瘤的位置与大小
- 先进基因检测可揭示推动癌症发展的特定基因突变
- 液体活检可实现非侵入性、实时性的癌症进展监测
- 综合检测结果有助于制定更加个性化且有效的治疗方案
咨询癌症检测专家
传统诊断检测
这些检测广泛用于癌症的发现、诊断及分期，可为医生提供有关肿瘤位置、大小及形态的重要信息。
影像检查
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
A Computed Tomography (CT) scan is an imaging test that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to create detailed, cross-sectional images of the body. Unlike regular X-rays, CT scans show both soft tissues and bones with much greater clarity, almost like looking at slices of the body.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging test that uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer to create highly detailed images of the body’s organs and tissues. Unlike X-rays or CT scans, MRI does not use ionizing radiation.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan
A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan is a type of imaging test that shows how tissues and organs are working — not just what they look like. Unlike X-rays, CT, or MRI, which show structure, a PET scan shows function and activity.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound (sonography) is a medical imaging test that uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time pictures of organs and tissues inside the body. Unlike X-rays, CT, or PET scans, ultrasound does not use radiation.
X-rays
X-rays are a type of medical imaging test that uses a small dose of ionizing radiation to create pictures of structures inside the body. Dense materials like bone or tumors appear white, while softer tissues show up in shades of gray or black.
X-rays
Use low-dose radiation to create images of the inside of the body.
- Quick and painless
- Used to detect tumors in bones and chest
- Often the first test performed
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
Takes detailed cross-sectional images of the body using X-rays and computer processing.
- Provides more detailed images than X-rays
- Used to detect, locate, and stage cancer
- May use contrast dye to enhance images
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Uses powerful magnets and radio waves to produce detailed images of organs and tissues.
- Does not use ionizing radiation
- Provides detailed images of soft tissues
- Used for brain, spinal cord, and pelvic cancers
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan
Detects areas of increased metabolic activity, which can indicate cancer cells.
- Can detect cancer cells throughout the body
- Often combined with CT scan for more precise location
- Helps determine if cancer has spread
Ultrasound
Uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal organs and tissues.
- Non-invasive and does not use radiation
- Used to evaluate tumors in the abdomen, pelvis, and breast
- Can guide biopsies
检查项目
Endoscopy
Endoscopy is a medical procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera (called an endoscope) to look inside the body. It allows doctors to directly view internal organs and tissues, and often take biopsies at the same time.
Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to examine the inside of the large intestine (colon and rectum) using a long, flexible tube with a camera and light (a colonoscope).
Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to look inside the airways and lungs using a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera (called a bronchoscope).
Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to examine the inside of the large intestine (colon and rectum) using a long, flexible tube with a camera and light (a colonoscope).
Biopsy
A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue or cells is removed from the body so it can be examined under a microscope. Unlike imaging tests (X-ray, CT, MRI, PET, Ultrasound), which show pictures, a biopsy provides a definitive diagnosis by allowing pathologists to study the actual cells.
Biopsy
Removes a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
- Provides a definitive diagnosis
- Different types: needle, surgical, endoscopic
- Can also determine the type and grade of cancer
Endoscopy
Uses a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera to examine the inside of organs and cavities.
- Allows direct visualization of tissues
- Can take biopsies during the procedure
- Used for esophagus, stomach, colon, and lungs
Bronchoscopy
A type of endoscopy that examines the lungs and airways using a bronchoscope.
- Diagnoses lung cancers and other lung diseases
- Can collect tissue or fluid samples
- May be used to place stents in blocked airways
Colonoscopy
Examines the entire colon and rectum using a long, flexible tube with a camera.
- Detects polyps and colorectal cancer
- Can remove polyps during the procedure
- Recommended for routine screening starting at age 45
先进分子与基因检测
这些前沿检测技术可分析癌细胞中的遗传物质与蛋白质，从而提供有关驱动癌症发展的特定基因突变的详细信息。
基因检测
Liquid Biopsy
A liquid biopsy is a blood test that detects cancer-related materials circulating in the bloodstream
Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA)
Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) refers to small fragments of DNA that are shed by cancer cells into the bloodstream. These fragments carry the same genetic mutations as the tumor itself, making them a valuable tool for detecting and monitoring cancer through a simple blood test.
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs)
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are whole cancer cells that have broken away from a primary tumor and entered the bloodstream. Unlike ctDNA, which consists of DNA fragments, CTCs are intact living cells that carry genetic and protein information.
Molecular Profiling
Molecular profiling (also called tumor profiling or genomic profiling) is a laboratory process that analyzes the genetic, epigenetic, and protein features of a tumor. The goal is to understand what is driving a cancer at the molecular level and use that information to guide personalized treatment decisions.
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a modern genetic testing technology that can analyze large amounts of DNA or RNA very quickly. Unlike older sequencing methods that read one gene at a time, NGS can sequence hundreds of genes simultaneously, providing a detailed picture of genetic changes in cancer cells.
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Sequences multiple genes simultaneously to identify genetic mutations and alterations in cancer cells.
- Identifies mutations in hundreds of genes
- Guides targeted therapy and immunotherapy decisions
- Can identify rare or novel mutations
Liquid Biopsy
Analyzes genetic material (DNA or RNA) released by cancer cells into the bloodstream.
- Non-invasive alternative to tissue biopsy
- Allows for real-time monitoring of cancer progression
- Detects minimal residual disease and recurrence
Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA)
A type of liquid biopsy that specifically analyzes DNA fragments shed by tumor cells into the bloodstream.
- Detects genetic mutations in tumors
- Monitors treatment response and resistance
- Early detection of recurrence
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC)
Detects and analyzes intact cancer cells that have broken away from the primary tumor and are circulating in the bloodstream.
- Provides information about tumor biology
- Predicts prognosis and treatment response
- Monitors metastatic progression
Molecular Profiling
Analyzes the proteins, genes, and other molecules in cancer cells to identify specific targets for treatment.
- Identifies actionable targets for therapy
- Matches patients to clinical trials
- Personalizes treatment plans
癌症检测方式对比
| Test Type | Invasiveness | Genetic Information | Real-Time Monitoring | Cost | Time to Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional Biopsy | High (surgical or needle) | Limited (single-site sampling) | No | Moderate to High | Days to Weeks |
| CT Scan | Non-invasive | None | No | Moderate | Hours to Days |
| MRI | Non-invasive | None | No | High | Hours to Days |
| PET Scan | Non-invasive | None | No | High | Hours to Days |
| Liquid Biopsy (ctDNA) | Minimal (blood draw) | Comprehensive (genetic profile) | Yes | High | Days to Weeks |
| Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) | Minimal (blood draw) | Comprehensive (intact cells) | Yes | High | Days to Weeks |
| Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) | Varies (tissue or liquid biopsy) | Extensive (multi-gene analysis) | Limited | Very High | Weeks |
为什么选择液体活检与 CTC 检测？
液体活检与 CTC 检测相比传统检测方式具有明显优势，包括无创性、实时监测能力，以及能够检测整个肿瘤异质性中的基因变化。这些检测尤其适用于以下情况：
治疗指导
识别可针对性的基因突变，从而帮助匹配特定治疗方案，提高治疗效果。
早期发现
比影像检查更早发现微小残留病灶与复发迹象，为及时干预提供机会。
治疗监测
实时追踪治疗反应并检测耐药相关突变，以便及时调整治疗策略。
寻找您附近的癌症检测专家
我们的认证医生网络专注于先进癌症检测与精准医疗，帮助您了解检测流程，并制定个性化治疗方案。
认证专科专家
所有医生均具备癌症诊断与精准医疗领域的专业经验。
全面检测选择
可接触最新的传统及先进癌症检测方式。
个性化护理方案
根据您的具体基因特征提供针对性的治疗建议。
Dr. Sarah Khong
Director of Physician Development & Network Engagement, RGCC SEA
“Advanced testing has transformed how we treat cancer. By understanding the genetic makeup of each patient’s tumor, we can provide truly personalized care.”
Speak to a cancer testing expert
常见问题
关于癌症检测的常见问题
传统癌症检测与先进癌症检测有什么区别？
传统检测（如影像检查和活检）主要提供有关肿瘤位置、大小及形态的信息。而先进检测（如基因检测与分子检测）则会分析癌细胞中的 DNA、RNA 及蛋白质，以识别特定基因突变和生物标志物，从而帮助指导治疗决策。
液体活检是如何运作的？它与传统活检有什么不同？
液体活检通过分析肿瘤释放到血液中的遗传物质（DNA 或 RNA）或完整循环肿瘤细胞进行检测。与需要获取肿瘤组织样本的传统活检不同，液体活检属于微创检测，通常仅需抽血即可完成。它能够更全面地反映肿瘤的基因特征，包括部分组织活检可能遗漏的基因突变信息。
哪些人适合考虑进行先进基因检测？
以下癌症患者通常建议考虑先进基因检测：
- 已发展为晚期或转移性癌症
- 对标准治疗反应不理想
- 正在考虑靶向治疗或免疫治疗
- 有癌症家族病史
- 希望参与临床试验
您的医生可以根据您的具体情况，判断是否适合进行基因检测。
先进癌症检测通常需要多久才能出结果？
检测结果所需时间会因检测类型而有所不同。传统检测（如影像检查与活检）通常需要数天至数周。先进基因检测（如下一代测序 NGS）一般需要两至四周。液体活检结果则可能在一至两周内完成。您的医疗团队会与您说明预计时间。
先进癌症检测费用是多少？保险是否可以覆盖？
先进癌症检测的费用会因检测类型、分析基因数量及地区不同而有所差异。有些检测费用可能达到数千美元。目前，许多保险计划已开始覆盖部分癌症相关基因检测，尤其是在医疗专业人员建议下进行的检测。建议您提前向保险公司确认保障范围以及可能需要自行承担的费用。
癌症检测能够检测所有类型的癌症吗？
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