Introduction

Many people don’t realize that cancer can develop in the eye. While it is relatively rare, eye cancer can affect different parts of the eye and surrounding tissues. Recognizing early signs and understanding available approaches may help support more informed decisions.

Types of Eye Cancer

Eye cancer is not a single condition — it includes several types depending on where it develops:

• Intraocular melanoma – the most common type in adults, affecting structures inside the eye
• Conjunctival tumors – growths on the eye surface (like the reference image)
• Retinoblastoma – a rare type that mainly affects young children
• Orbital cancers – cancers involving tissues around the eye

Possible Signs to Watch For

Symptoms can vary and are often subtle in early stages:

• A visible lump or spot on the eye surface
• Persistent redness or irritation
• Changes in vision (blurred or partial loss)
• A dark spot on the iris that changes over time
• Sensation of something in the eye

These signs do not always indicate cancer, but persistent or unusual changes should be evaluated.

Why Early Attention Matters

Some eye cancers may grow slowly and remain localized, while others can progress or spread if not monitored. Early detection may help expand available options and support better management strategies.

How It Is Assessed

Evaluation may include:

• Eye examination with specialized imaging
• Ultrasound or optical scans
• In some cases, additional laboratory or molecular analysis

These tools help provide more detailed insight into the nature of the condition.