Stomach (Gastric) Cancer
Overview
Stomach cancer, also called gastric cancer, begins in the lining of the stomach. It is more common in East Asia, Eastern Europe, and parts of South America. Most are adenocarcinomas, and it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.
Subtypes include:
- Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (more common, slower growing)
- Diffuse-type adenocarcinoma (more aggressive)
Symptoms
- Indigestion or heartburn
- Stomach pain or discomfort
- Feeling full after small meals
- Nausea or vomiting
- Weight loss and fatigue
- Black stools (melena)
Causes & Risk Factors
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection
- Smoking and heavy alcohol use
- High-salt and preserved food diet
- Family history
- Previous stomach surgery or chronic gastritis
- Male gender, age >50
Diagnosis
- Upper endoscopy (EGD) with biopsy
- CT or PET-CT for staging
- Endoscopic ultrasound
- Blood tests (CEA, CA 19-9)
Treatment Options
- Surgery (subtotal or total gastrectomy)
- Chemotherapy (pre- or post-operative)
- Chemoradiation (for localized cases)
- Targeted therapy (HER2+ or VEGF+ tumors)
- Immunotherapy (for PD-L1+ or MSI-high tumors)
Prognosis
- 5-year survival depends on stage:
- Early: ~70–90%
- Regional: ~32%
- Distant: ~6%
Living with this Cancer Type
- Nutritional management after surgery
- Vitamin B12 and iron monitoring
- Pain control and symptom relief
- Emotional and family support
Prevention & Screening
- Eradicate H. pylori when diagnosed
- Regular endoscopic screening (in high-risk areas)
- Avoid processed foods and excess salt
- Smoking cessation and alcohol moderation
FAQs
Q: Is H. pylori linked to gastric cancer?
A: Yes, it’s a major risk factor and should be treated when found.
Q: Can I live without my stomach?
A: Yes, with dietary changes and supplements.
Q: Can gastric cancer be inherited?
A: Rarely, but genetic counseling is recommended for families with multiple cases.
Resources
- Stomach Cancer Foundation
- American Gastroenterological Association
- ClinicalTrials.gov
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