Cancer Types A-Z

Explore comprehensive information about different types of cancer,
including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

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Discover Personalized Insights for Every Cancer

Learn how different types of cancer are diagnosed, treated, and supported—with care tailored to you.

Cervical Cancer (Squamous Cell, Adenocarcinoma)

Cervical cancer begins in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina. It is largely preventable and highly treatable when detected early. Most cases are caused by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types.

Main histologic types:
• Squamous cell carcinoma (most common)
• Adenocarcinoma
• Adenosquamous carcinoma (rare)

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Sinonasal Cancer

Sinonasal cancer refers to malignancies arising in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, including the maxillary, ethmoid, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses. These tumors are rare but often aggressive due to late diagnosis and proximity to the skull base and orbit.

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Thyroid Cancer (Papillary, Follicular, Medullary, Anaplastic)

Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the thyroid gland, located at the base of the neck. It is often diagnosed early and is highly treatable in most forms. There are four main types:
• Papillary thyroid carcinoma: most common and least aggressive
• Follicular thyroid carcinoma: similar prognosis to papillary
• Medullary thyroid carcinoma: originates in C cells, can be hereditary
• Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: rare and highly aggressive

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Penile Cancer

Penile cancer begins in the skin or tissues of the penis, most often on the glans or foreskin. Though rare, it can be aggressive if not caught early. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma.

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Choroidal Hemangioma

Choroidal hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor of the choroid, the blood vessel layer beneath the retina. It is not a malignant cancer, but it can affect vision due to fluid leakage or retinal detachment. It occurs as either circumscribed(isolated) or diffuse (often linked to Sturge-Weber syndrome).

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Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor that originates in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat behind the nose. It is relatively rare globally but has high prevalence in Southeast Asia, Southern China, and North Africa.

NPC is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and it behaves differently from other head and neck cancers.

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Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs)

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of chronic blood cancers where the bone marrow makes too many red cells, white cells, or platelets. They are linked to mutations in genes such as JAK2, CALR, and MPL, and may remain stable for years or progress to myelofibrosis or acute leukemia.

The three main types of classic MPNs are:
• Polycythemia vera (PV) – too many red blood cells
• Essential thrombocythemia (ET) – too many platelets
• Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) – scarring of the bone marrow

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Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Choriocarcinoma)

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a group of rare tumors that involve abnormal growth of trophoblast cells, which normally develop into the placenta during pregnancy. One aggressive form is choriocarcinoma, a malignant tumor that can spread quickly but responds well to treatment.

Types of GTD include:
• Hydatidiform mole (complete or partial molar pregnancy)
• Invasive mole
• Choriocarcinoma
• Placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)

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Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, originating in the basal cells located in the bottom layer of the epidermis. It is generally slow-growing and rarely metastasizes, but it can cause local tissue destruction if untreated.

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Personalized Cancer Insights by Category

You’re not alone. Learn more about cancers that affect the same body systems—and explore resources that can help you move forward with clarity.

Bone and Connective Tissue Cancers

Cancers affecting bones, cartilage, muscles, and connective tissues.

Brain & Nervous System

Includes brain tumors and cancers of the spinal cord and nerves.

Eye and Orbit

Cancers involving the eye and surrounding orbital tissues.

Female Reproductive System Cancers

Cervical, ovarian, uterine, and other cancers affecting women’s reproductive organs.

Gastrointestinal Tract

Stomach, colon, pancreas, liver, and other digestive system cancers.

Genitourinary

Cancers involving the eye and surrounding orbital tissues.

Hematologic

Leukemia, lymphoma, and blood-related cancers.

Male Reproductive System Cancers

Prostate, testicular, and other cancers affecting men’s reproductive organs.

Pediatric-Specific Cancers

Cancers most commonly found in children and adolescents.

Skin and Soft Tissue

Melanoma and cancers of skin, fat, and soft connective tissues.

Understand Precision Testing

Learn how liquid biopsy and chemo sensitivity testing can personalize your treatment plan.

Make Informed Decisions

Gain knowledge to actively participate in treatment discussions with your healthcare team.

Improve Treatment Outcomes

Discover how precision medicine and metabolic therapies can enhance treatment effectiveness.

Need More Information?

Our team of oncology experts is here to help you understand your diagnosis and treatment options.

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